The 2025 BRICS Summit concluded in Brazil on December 4 with a landmark decision to formalize civil society participation through the newly adopted Kazan Declaration. The four-day forum saw representatives from Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa establish a permanent Civic Council to coordinate grassroots initiatives across emerging economies.
Delegates emphasized strengthening South-South cooperation mechanisms during closed-door sessions, with particular focus on sustainable development and inclusive governance models. Analysts note this institutionalization of non-state actors marks a strategic shift for the bloc as it seeks to counterbalance Western-led multilateral frameworks.
