A decades-old water-sharing agreement between the U.S. and Mexico faces renewed strain as climate change intensifies drought conditions along the Rio Grande. Last month, Mexico fulfilled its 2025 water debt obligations under the 1944 bilateral treaty, but experts warn the arrangement may become unsustainable as populations grow and reservoirs dwindle.
The treaty, which allocates water from shared rivers along the 2,000-kilometer border, has historically balanced agricultural needs and municipal demands. However, record-low rainfall in 2025 pushed reservoir levels to critical lows, delaying Mexico's scheduled water deliveries until December.
While the recent repayment eased immediate tensions, Texas farmers remain concerned about long-term water security. "This isn't just about quotas – it's about survival," said Rio Grande Valley Agricultural Alliance spokesperson María González. "Every delayed gallon impacts crops, jobs, and cross-border food supplies."
Hydrologists note the Colorado River basin – critical to both nations – currently holds only 40% of its 20th-century average capacity. With the 1944 treaty up for review in 2027, negotiators face mounting pressure to incorporate modern climate data and sustainable usage models.
