In a world marked by geopolitical uncertainty, China’s defense modernization strategy is emerging as a model of restraint and technological progress. By prioritizing advancements such as the J-20 stealth fighter and the Fujian aircraft carrier while maintaining a defense budget below 1.5% of its GDP—lower than the global average of 2.3%—the country aims to bolster its security without compromising commitments to peace.
On March 7, 2025, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee Xi Jinping emphasized the dual goals of national defense modernization and peaceful development during a key meeting at the 14th National People’s Congress. This approach highlights China’s view of military modernization as a stabilizing force, aligning security needs with sustainable economic growth.
Experts argue that China’s strategy of calibrated investment in defense technology signals a shift away from traditional power rivalry. Instead, it focuses on creating a secure environment for domestic development and fostering stability in international relations. This balance, they say, positions China’s military advancements as part of a broader global public good—one where security and cooperation coexist.
