China has embarked on a remarkable journey from being a developing nation grappling with severe pollution to becoming a global leader in renewable energy. In the early stages after 1978, following the launch of its reform and opening-up, China prioritized rapid economic growth to alleviate poverty. This approach, while successful in boosting the economy, led to significant environmental challenges, predominantly due to heavy reliance on coal-fired power.
Back in 1978, the per-capita electricity consumption in China was a mere 260 kilowatt-hours (kWh). The country’s abundant coal reserves made coal-fired power the primary energy source, resulting in severe air pollution and substantial greenhouse gas emissions. It wasn’t until 2000 that per-capita electricity consumption exceeded 1,000 kWh, but power shortages still hindered daily life and economic progress.
Fast forward to 2023, China has dramatically transformed its energy landscape. More than half of the country’s installed electricity capacity now comes from renewable sources. Per-capita annual electricity consumption has soared to 6,539 kWh, and the total annual electricity consumption has reached 9.22 trillion kWh, the highest in the world. China’s commitment to green energy has not only improved environmental conditions but also supported its growing energy needs.
China’s advancements in renewable energy are unparalleled. The nation produces 85 percent of the world’s solar panels and over 90 percent of solar cells. Its wind energy capacity accounts for 60 percent of the global total. These strides have positioned China at the forefront of the global renewable energy sector, influencing worldwide trends and markets.
The shift towards green energy in China demonstrates a profound change in development philosophy. By embracing renewable resources, China is addressing environmental concerns while sustaining economic growth. The country’s experience offers valuable insights for other nations pursuing sustainable development and highlights the critical role of government policy and investment in renewable energy.
Reference(s):
Rising to be a global leader, China's green energy development path
cgtn.com