On December 13, COP28 concluded with a historic agreement as nearly 200 countries committed to begin transitioning away from fossil fuels. While the stronger demand to “phase out” fossil fuels was omitted, this consensus marks a significant step forward in the global fight against climate change, being the first of its kind.
However, the agreement emphasizes that the transition must occur in a “just, orderly, and equitable manner.” This stipulation highlights the urgent need to address longstanding issues regarding the responsibilities of developed and developing nations in combating climate change.
The principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities” acknowledges that while all nations must contribute to reducing emissions, developed countries should bear a greater portion of the burden. Historically, industrialized nations have contributed the majority of greenhouse gas emissions. Between 1850 and 2011, developed countries were responsible for 79% of global carbon emissions. By 2021, the United States alone accounted for 20%. Despite representing only 12% of the global population, countries like the U.S., Canada, Japan, and those in Western Europe contribute to 50% of greenhouse gases per capita.
Yet, many argue that these nations have not fulfilled their obligations. In 2009, developed countries pledged to mobilize $100 billion per year by 2020 to support developing countries in reducing emissions and adapting to climate change. However, by 2020, only $83.3 billion was mobilized, and analyses suggest the actual value may have been significantly lower.
Global leaders and advocates have expressed frustration over these unmet commitments. Jeffrey Sachs, a professor at Columbia University, noted that political influence from fossil fuel industries hampers climate policies in the United States. Gaston Browne, Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda, criticized the prioritization of profits over people and the planet, highlighting the plight of nations vulnerable to climate impacts.
Hindou Oumarou Ibrahim, President of the Association for Indigenous Women and Peoples of Chad, emphasized the responsibility of developed nations, stating, “We cannot anymore accept the talk and commitment without the real action that is following.” Mary Robinson, former President of Ireland and Chair of the Elders, underscored that fulfilling financial promises is a matter of trust essential for global cooperation.
As the world embarks on the challenging journey of reducing dependence on fossil fuels, it is crucial to ensure that the development rights of all nations are respected. For developing countries, economic growth and the assurance of that growth remain vital. An equitable transition requires that commitments are honored and that support is provided to those most in need.
The path toward a sustainable future must be inclusive and fair, recognizing both the historical contributions to climate change and the aspirations of nations striving for progress. A “just, orderly, and equitable” transition is not just a goal but a necessity for genuine global solidarity in addressing the climate crisis.
Reference(s):
cgtn.com
