China’s new Long March-12 carrier rocket successfully lifted off from the Hainan commercial space launch site on Saturday night, sending test satellites into orbit. This inaugural launch marks a significant milestone for the Chinese mainland’s space program, particularly in the burgeoning commercial sector.
The Hainan commercial space launch site was constructed and became operational in just 878 days, a remarkable achievement showcasing China’s rapid advancements in space infrastructure. The first launch posed significant challenges, involving a new launch pad, a new rocket, new operational procedures, and a new team working together for the first time.
Adopting a remote firing control system, the inaugural launch centralized ground control equipment within the control building, while launch commands were issued from the site’s second control hall. This innovative approach streamlined operations and set a new standard for future missions.
The second launch pad, which executed the maiden flight, is the Chinese mainland’s first general-purpose medium-sized liquid launch pad. Capable of accommodating nearly 20 types of rockets with diameters ranging from 3.35 to 5 meters, it represents a significant leap in the versatility and efficiency of China’s launch capabilities.
Utilizing a “three-flat” rapid processing approach—horizontal assembly, testing, and transportation—the launch pad enables efficient operations and quick turnaround times. The rocket transfer pad can be prepared for a subsequent launch in as little as three days and restored to its pre-launch state within seven days, greatly enhancing launch frequency.
The Long March-12 carrier rocket itself is a marvel of engineering. As the Chinese mainland’s first 4-meter-diameter liquid-fueled launch vehicle, it features a two-stage configuration, measures approximately 62 meters in length, and has a launch mass of about 430 tonnes.
Boasting a low-earth orbit payload capacity of no less than 12 tonnes and a 700-kilometer sun-synchronous orbit payload capacity of no less than 6 tonnes, the Long March-12 is the most powerful two-stage single-core rocket in the Chinese mainland’s arsenal. Its adaptability allows it to accommodate satellite fairings with diameters of 5.2 meters or 4.2 meters, supporting the launch of single or multiple satellites into various orbits based on mission requirements.
The successful maiden flight of the Long March-12 rocket from the Hainan commercial space launch site signifies a new era for the Chinese mainland’s commercial space endeavors. It demonstrates the nation’s commitment to advancing space technology and expanding its capabilities in the global space industry.
Reference(s):
China's first commercial launch site debut with maiden flight of LM 12
cgtn.com
