In a groundbreaking development, Chinese scientists have unveiled a new method of grape breeding using artificial intelligence (AI), significantly reducing the breeding cycle and boosting efficiency. Traditionally, cultivating an excellent grape variety can take several years, but this innovative approach promises to quadruple breeding efficiency.
The research team, led by Dr. Zhou Yongfeng from the Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, part of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, has achieved a prediction accuracy of 85 percent in breeding outcomes using AI. Their findings were published on Monday in the prestigious journal Nature Genetics.
“This research is expected to achieve precise breeding design for grapes, accelerate grape variety innovation, and provide a reference for breeding other perennial crops,” said Dr. Zhou, highlighting the broader implications of their work.
To accomplish precise breeding, the team analyzed vast amounts of genomic and genetic data. They previously released the first complete grape genome map in 2023 and subsequently constructed the first grape pan-genome, known as Grapepan v1.0. Building on this foundation, the team selected over 400 representative varieties from nearly 10,000 types of grapes.
Over two years, they meticulously investigated 29 agronomic traits, such as cluster size, berry size, fruit skin color, and metabolite content. This extensive data collection enabled them to construct detailed genetic and trait maps for grapes.
Leveraging machine learning, the team developed a predictive model that allows for early predictions and selections based on genetic scoring. “With this model, breeders can assess the genetic potential of a large number of breeding materials quickly and accurately, enabling them to better select superior varieties,” explained Dr. Zhou. “This breeding technology can predict the characteristics of grape seedlings at an early stage, allowing for the early removal of unsuitable seedlings and reducing unnecessary labor and investment costs.”
This innovative approach not only accelerates the breeding process but also reduces costs, making it a significant advancement in agricultural science. The team’s research has already secured approval for six national invention patents and has applied for one international patent.
The application of AI in agriculture signifies a transformative step towards precision breeding, with potential benefits extending beyond grapes to other perennial crops. As global demand for efficient and sustainable agricultural practices grows, such innovations are poised to play a crucial role in meeting these challenges.
Reference(s):
Chinese scientists use AI to accelerate precise grape breeding
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