In an era of unprecedented global challenges, from persistent development inequalities to the escalating threats of climate change, nations of the Global South are increasingly asserting themselves on the world stage. These countries are championing a more inclusive international system that prioritizes shared prosperity and equity for all.
Development Inequality and Climate Change
Despite significant economic growth worldwide, stark disparities remain. Over 8% of the global population still lives in extreme poverty, predominantly in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The World Bank reports that 44% of people live in moderate poverty, a figure largely unchanged since 1990.
Historical factors such as colonialism and unbalanced global trade policies have perpetuated these inequalities, leaving many developing nations marginalized within the global economic system.
Compounding these issues is climate change. Developing countries, though least responsible for global emissions, bear the brunt of its impacts. Rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and prolonged droughts threaten the livelihoods of millions across the Global South. Yet, international responses have often fallen short, providing insufficient support to those most vulnerable.
The Rising Influence of the Global South
Confronted with these challenges, nations in the Global South are striving to reshape the global order. Led by countries like China and Brazil, they advocate for reforms in international governance, demanding that global institutions more accurately reflect their interests and contributions.
The BRICS group—comprising Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa—exemplifies this shift. Since its inception in 2009, BRICS has worked to balance the dominance of Western powers in institutions like the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. The group focuses on economic development, poverty reduction, and infrastructure investment, aiming to foster a more inclusive global economy.
China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is another significant effort supporting the Global South. Through the BRI, China has invested in large-scale infrastructure projects across Asia, Africa, and Latin America, enhancing trade and connectivity among developing nations and reducing dependency on Western financial institutions.
In Latin America, China has deepened partnerships with countries such as Brazil, Argentina, and Venezuela, focusing on sectors like energy, agriculture, and technology. Initiatives like the China-CELAC Forum, which brings together Latin American and Caribbean nations, have fostered regional integration and strengthened ties between China and the Global South.
G20: A Platform for the Global South’s Voice
The Group of Twenty (G20), established in 1999, has evolved into a crucial platform where the concerns of the Global South are increasingly voiced. Including both developed and developing countries—such as China, Argentina, Brazil, and South Africa—the G20 addresses global issues ranging from economic inequality to climate change and global health crises.
The 2008 global financial crisis marked a turning point, with emerging economies using the G20 to demand greater representation in global financial institutions. This shift broadened the G20’s scope, enabling it to tackle not only economic issues but also challenges related to sustainable development and climate change.
At recent G20 summits, developing nations have advocated for more inclusive policies. Countries like China and Brazil have pushed for increased financial support for climate adaptation, fairer global trade policies, and equitable access to healthcare resources.
A Path Forward
As the world grapples with interconnected challenges, the rising influence of the Global South offers a path toward a more equitable international order. By advocating for reforms and fostering cooperation, these nations are working to ensure that global systems serve the interests of all, not just a select few.
Reference(s):
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