In an increasingly divided world, two contrasting models of international relations vie for prominence. On one side is the traditional geopolitical model, rooted in Cold War-era thinking, which relies on competing security alliances such as NATO, AUKUS, and the Quad. This approach emphasizes military strength to gain advantages over perceived rivals, often leading to conflicts and heightened tensions.
On the other side is a geoeconomic model that champions economic partnerships, trade, and connectivity to foster mutual prosperity. This inclusive approach is exemplified by initiatives like the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership and the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), which aim to bind nations together through shared economic interests rather than divisive security concerns.
The ongoing conflicts around the world, such as those in Ukraine and Gaza, underscore the limitations of the militarized geopolitical model. These wars not only cause immense human suffering but also threaten to derail global and regional connectivity that could be achieved through economic cooperation.
China’s role in promoting the geoeconomic model has been significant. With over $1 trillion invested in the BRI, China is actively working to create mutually beneficial trade and infrastructure networks that enhance regional peace and prosperity. China’s successful mediation between Iran and Saudi Arabia further highlights the potential of economic factors to bridge longstanding divides.
As Chinese President Xi Jinping remarked during the recent Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Economic Leaders’ Meeting in San Francisco, “Planet Earth is big enough for the two countries to succeed, and one country’s success is an opportunity for the other.” This perspective suggests a move away from zero-sum thinking toward a more collaborative global outlook.
However, concerns persist in some quarters about shifting power dynamics. The United States, long a dominant global power, faces anxiety over losing its ascendancy as other nations, particularly China, rapidly advance in technology and economic strength. This has led to initiatives like the “Chip 4” alliance, aimed at countering China’s progress in high-tech sectors such as AI, quantum computing, and electronics.
The debate between these two models of international relations—geopolitical versus geoeconomic—raises critical questions about the future of global governance. A model that emphasizes mutual respect, peaceful coexistence, and shared prosperity could pave the way for a just global order. In contrast, one that focuses on domination and exclusion may continue to fuel conflicts and instability.
As the world stands at this crossroads, the choice between continued rivalry and collaborative progress becomes increasingly urgent. Embracing the principles of peaceful coexistence and economic cooperation may provide the foundation for a more stable and equitable global society.
Reference(s):
Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence: Bedrock of just global order
cgtn.com
