Japan is experiencing a significant surge in Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome (STSS) cases, with reported numbers exceeding 1,000 for the year 2024, according to the National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID).
As of June 9, preliminary data from the NIID shows that the number of STSS cases since the beginning of the year has reached 1,019. This marks a concerning increase compared to previous years, indicating a faster spread of this severe bacterial infection.
STSS, also known as severe invasive streptococcal infection, is a sudden-onset disease primarily caused by Group A Streptococcus bacteria. Initial symptoms often mimic those of common illnesses, including sore throat, fever, loss of appetite, diarrhea, and vomiting. However, the disease can progress rapidly, leading to septic symptoms like low blood pressure and, if left untreated, can result in soft tissue damage, respiratory failure, liver failure, kidney failure, and multi-organ failure. The mortality rate of STSS exceeds 30 percent.
The rapid increase in cases has alarmed health officials. By June 2, a record total of 977 cases had already been reported, surpassing the entire count of 941 cases for the whole of last year. The NIID’s weekly report on infectious disease trends, covering the period from June 3 to 9, indicates that Tokyo has the highest number of confirmed cases this year with 150, followed by the prefectures of Aichi and Saitama with 69 and 68 cases, respectively.
STSS is primarily transmitted through droplets from the nasal or throat mucosa and through contact with wounds. Experts caution that the early symptoms are often mistaken for the common cold due to the rapid progression of the disease. High fever accompanied by confusion or rapidly spreading redness around a wound are warning signs that require immediate medical attention.
Healthcare professionals urge anyone experiencing severe symptoms to seek prompt medical care to prevent the potentially life-threatening progression of the disease. Public awareness and timely intervention are crucial in controlling the spread of STSS.
Reference(s):
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