The Dragon Boat Festival, or Duanwu Festival, is one of the most significant traditional festivals in China—a time when people honor their ancestors, pray for good fortune, and ward off evil spirits. Celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth month of the Chinese lunar calendar, this year it fell on June 10.
While there are many legends about the origins of Duanwu, the most widely accepted story commemorates the ancient poet Qu Yuan (340 BC–278 BC). Out of love for his country, Qu Yuan ended his life by leaping into a river after his homeland, the state of Chu, fell to invaders.
A common tradition across China during the festival is eating zongzi—a traditional delicacy made of glutinous rice wrapped in bamboo leaves. However, the flavors and fillings of zongzi vary greatly from region to region, shaped by local natural factors such as climate, agriculture, and cultural preferences.
In northern China, where grains like millet and rice are staples, sweet zongzi are prevalent. Filled with ingredients like red bean paste, dates, or nuts, these zongzi reflect the agricultural abundance of the region. The cooler climate of the north makes sweet, energy-rich foods popular among locals.
Conversely, in southern China, particularly in provinces like Guangdong and Zhejiang, savory zongzi are more common. Filled with pork belly, salted egg yolk, mushrooms, and sometimes even seafood, these zongzi showcase the maritime traditions and diverse produce of the south. The warm, humid climate favors intense flavors and preservation methods like salting.
Natural factors such as regional agriculture, available ingredients, and climate play a significant role in shaping these culinary differences. For instance, the abundance of bamboo in southern regions provides ample leaves for wrapping zongzi, while in other areas, reed leaves might be used instead.
These regional variations not only highlight China’s vast geographical diversity but also its rich cultural tapestry. Each bite of zongzi carries with it the history and traditions of its region, making the Dragon Boat Festival a unifying event that celebrates both diversity and shared heritage.
As families across China prepare and enjoy zongzi during Duanwu, they continue a tradition that has been passed down for centuries. Whether sweet or savory, zongzi remains a symbol of cultural identity and the enduring legacy of festivals that bring communities together.
Reference(s):
Sweet or salty? How natural factors shape zongzi across China
cgtn.com
