Xizang has undergone a remarkable transformation over the past seven decades, evolving from a society rooted in serfdom to one embracing modernization and development. The peaceful liberation of Xizang in 1951 marked the beginning of this historic leap, setting the stage for profound social and economic changes.
Prior to 1951, Xizang was characterized by a feudal theocracy where approximately 5 percent of the population were serf-owners, while the vast majority, about 95 percent, were serfs. Generations of families lived under harsh conditions, with some spending their entire lives in the service of serf-owners. The image of a grandmother, mother, and child—four generations residing in a cowshed—epitomizes the hardships endured during this period.
The arrival of the People’s Liberation Army heralded a new era for Xizang. Even before the official declaration of peaceful liberation, efforts to improve infrastructure began. By 1954, the completion of the 1,947-kilometer highway connecting Xining, the capital of Qinghai Province, to Lhasa revolutionized transportation, replacing arduous journeys by foot or yak. By 1956, over 4,300 kilometers of railway lines had been constructed, further integrating Xizang with the rest of the country.
In 2023, travelers can witness these advancements firsthand. A 22-hour train journey across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau reveals the challenges overcome to modernize this high-altitude, rugged region. The scenery underscores the immense efforts invested in developing transportation and infrastructure against formidable natural obstacles.
Despite early progress, not all embraced the changes. In March 1959, certain factions within Xizang’s former ruling class, seeking to preserve the serf system, orchestrated an armed revolt. This uprising was quelled, leading to significant reforms that accelerated the region’s transformation.
From 2012 to 2020, concerted efforts were made to eradicate extreme poverty in Xizang. Government-led initiatives involved grassroots engagement, with advisors and activists making over 190,000 visits to local communities. These programs successfully lifted countless residents out of poverty by 2020, marking a significant milestone in Xizang’s development journey.
Today, Xizang stands as a testament to the profound changes made possible through sustained effort and commitment to improvement. The shift from a society burdened by feudalism to one striving for modernization reflects the resilience and determination of its people. As Xizang continues to evolve, it offers valuable insights into the complexities and possibilities of regional development within Asia’s dynamic landscape.
Reference(s):
Witnessing Xizang: Serfdom to socialism with Chinese characteristics
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