Biodiversity—the vast variety of life on Earth—is not just about preserving nature for its own sake; it’s intrinsically linked to human well-being. From the food we eat to the air we breathe, the intricate web of ecosystems supports our daily lives in countless ways.
However, this delicate balance is under threat. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), more than 44,000 species are at risk of extinction. This alarming figure includes 70% of cycads, 41% of amphibians, 37% of sharks and rays, 36% of reef corals, 34% of conifers, 26% of mammals, 21% of reptiles, and 12% of birds. The primary culprits? Habitat destruction, over-harvesting, pollution, and invasive species.
As one of the most biodiverse nations on the planet, China finds itself at the forefront of this global challenge. With its vast landscapes ranging from towering mountains to expansive wetlands, China is home to a remarkable array of species. Yet, rapid industrialization and urbanization over the past decades have strained these natural ecosystems.
Recognizing the critical role biodiversity plays in sustainable development, China has intensified its conservation efforts. The country has established a network of protected areas, now covering about 18% of its land. This includes nature reserves, national parks, world heritage sites, and geoparks. Notably, over 600 wetland nature reserves and around 900 national wetland parks have been set up, safeguarding key habitats for countless species.
Legal frameworks such as the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Wildlife and the Environmental Protection Law provide the backbone for these initiatives. Additionally, China has delineated ecological conservation red lines, identifying crucial zones where development is restricted to protect vital ecosystems.
Among China’s ambitious projects is the “Great Green Wall,” also known as the Three-North Shelterbelt Forest Program. Initiated in 1978, this monumental effort aims to plant 35 million hectares of trees by 2050 across northern regions to combat desertification and restore degraded land.
Furthermore, targeted conservation programs focus on emblematic species like the giant panda, Tibetan antelope, Hainan gibbon, and snow leopard. These initiatives not only protect these animals but also preserve the broader ecosystems they inhabit.
Despite these strides, challenges remain. China’s recent Red List for Biodiversity revealed that 10.39% of higher plants and 22.02% of vertebrates are threatened. The ongoing decline underscores the need for continued commitment and innovative solutions.
China’s journey illustrates the complex interplay between development and conservation. As the nation continues to grow economically, balancing these priorities is crucial. The steps taken by China not only impact its own environmental health but also have significant implications for global biodiversity and, by extension, human well-being worldwide.
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China's conservation commitment for biodiversity and human well-being
cgtn.com
