Chinese scientists are delving into the dynamics of forest ecosystems to enhance carbon storage capacity through biodiversity. Facing the challenges of climate change, their research focuses on how the diversity of tree species in artificial forests influences the amount of carbon these forests can sequester.
The Chinese mainland, possessing the world’s largest area of artificial forests—over a third of the global total—recognizes that sheer forest coverage doesn’t necessarily equate to optimal carbon storage. Factors such as location, tree species selection, planting timing, and maintenance practices play crucial roles.
Traditionally, monoculture practices—cultivating a single tree species over large areas—have raised concerns due to vulnerabilities to diseases and environmental disturbances. In response, a team of young scientists at Qianjiangyuan Forest National Park in east China’s Zhejiang Province is exploring nature’s own strategies to find solutions.
“We aim to utilize the laws of nature to construct artificial forests that are more efficient in carbon storage,” said Ma Keping, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. “Monoculture is insufficient. Basic research can guide us in selecting tree species combinations that enhance biodiversity conservation and mitigate climate change.”
The team employs advanced laser technology to gain unprecedented insights into natural forest structures. “Studies, whether in laboratories or natural settings, have proven that diversity benefits forest ecosystem productivity and carbon storage,” Ma explained. However, understanding exactly how increased biodiversity amplifies a forest’s carbon sequestration capability remains a critical question.
Liu Xiaojuan, another researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, leads a decade-long project addressing this query in the natural environment. By comparing plots planted with a single species to those with 2 to 24 different species—the highest diversity mirroring the natural forests of Qianjiangyuan—Liu’s research uncovers significant findings.
“We found that after eight years, the carbon storage per mu of a forest composed of 16 species is twice that of a monoculture forest,” Liu reported. The results indicate that species-rich forests develop intricate networks for water and microbial exchange, allowing trees to efficiently share resources. Their canopies interweave without overshadowing each other, optimizing sunlight absorption.
Ma added, “For any individual tree, growth rate is relative to its neighbors. By combining data from different altitudes, we can identify optimal combinations of tree species for artificial forests.”
This research holds significant promise for enhancing carbon storage in artificial forests, contributing to global efforts against climate change. By mimicking the diversity of natural forests, these scientists aim to create resilient, productive ecosystems that benefit both the environment and society.
Reference(s):
Chinese scientists study laws of nature to achieve efficient carbon storage
cgtn.com
