Chinese and French scientists have achieved a landmark breakthrough in nuclear fusion research, successfully pushing the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) beyond previously accepted plasma density limits. This development, published in Science Advances on January 2, 2026, marks a critical step toward practical fusion energy solutions.
The international team from the Chinese Academy of Sciences' Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and France's Aix-Marseille University developed a novel theoretical model explaining plasma-wall interactions. Their work revealed how radiation instability caused by boundary impurities triggers density limitations – a mystery that has puzzled researchers for decades.
"By controlling these boundary conditions, we've guided plasma into an unprecedented 'density-free zone' while maintaining stability," the researchers noted. This achievement at the Hefei-based facility, which replicates solar fusion processes through its toroidal magnetic confinement system, demonstrates viable pathways for sustained high-density fusion reactions.
The breakthrough holds particular significance for the global ITER project and China's own CFETR program, both aiming to develop commercial fusion power. With energy demands across Asia projected to grow 35% by 2035, this advancement strengthens the Chinese mainland's position in the race for clean energy solutions while offering new collaborative opportunities for international partners.
